Showing posts with label Suicide. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Suicide. Show all posts

Sunday, September 17, 2017

I Shouldn't Be Here, But Here I Am: A Birthday Reflection and Wish


"You asked me what I want this year
And I try to make this kind and clear
Just a chance that maybe we'll find better days"

Better Days
the Goo Goo Dolls
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In memory of Ally Steinfeld
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A Birthday

I was born premature with my umbilical cord wrapped around my neck. I came quickly and my mother wasn't even able to be given any pain medication when she got to the hospital. She arrived and thirty minutes later, so did I. When the doctors saw the cord and the color of my skin, they went into immediate action to get me breathing. The strangling cord was cut and I was coached into taking my first breath. I was lucky. I was lucky to be born in a hospital with doctors who knew what to do. I was lucky my mother was a nurse, practiced in delivering babies, who had the knowledge and access to the care we needed. I was lucky that the night before, my mother stopped while brushing her teeth and called to my father, "I think I am ready for this baby to be born." My father laughed because I wasn't due for weeks yet and my mother was showing no signs of labor. But late that night, things began to happen quickly. My mother woke up and told my father that the time is now. They rushed to the hospital and if traffic had been worse I would have arrived into the world in the back of a car with a cord around my neck and no doctors with sharp scalpels to give me air. I was lucky. I was privileged. I shouldn't be here, others in similar circumstances aren't here because they lacked such luck and resources like life-saving healthcare. They had just as much right to be here but aren't. But here I am.

Flash forward ten years, I am double-digits and proud of that as I sit in a doctor's office with a strange humming machine pressed against my chest. A few days earlier I was at my routine physical and the doctor checking my heart had heard an abnormality. He had another doctor come in and listen. Then my mother was told to take me in for an echocardiogram to confirm. The results are conclusive, I have a heart condition. While twenty years later, further research has showed that my condition is not fatal and that people with my diagnosis can have full rich lives, at the time the material facts and the current knowledge painted a far grimmer picture. I was warned that my life expectancy would but markedly less than my peers and that, most certainly, I would need open heart surgery by the age of thirty at the latest. The doctor could see the immense concern cringing my mothers practiced face. Both could see the color draining out of my skin. Open heart surgery is risky, even on the relatively young. Thirty-years old seems far away to a ten-year old but not nearly far enough away. The doctor assured me that he would do everything he can to prepare me and keep an eye on my condition. I was told to watch what I eat, to exercise, but also not to push myself too hard. I was given a note that would excuse me from gym class at school.

 I never used that note, however. Buying into what Eli Clare calls, "the super-crip" narrative, the moment I was told that I couldn't or shouldn't be out running the mile with my classmates, I felt the compulsion to show that I could and would. In fact, I joined the track team, literally jumping over hurdles. But pushing myself didn't change the fact that I would and still do get light-headed when a burst of heart palpitations hit my body like a punch to the chest. Nor did it allow me to enjoy coffee later in life without bringing on similar stress with a cup of full black. Nonetheless, I am turning thirty-years old this year and although I am relatively young, I still don't feel any more prepared for open heart surgery. Fortunately, that is no longer regarded as necessary. In fact, after years of regular cardiograms and doctor's visits, as well as many miles run, I am not shorter nor shorter-life spanned than those without my heart condition. My diagnosis is the same but the prognosis is good. I was told I shouldn't be here, many others with better bills of health aren't here, but here I am. Despite the panic I felt at the age of ten, I am grateful for the luck and resources I was given, for the doctor's note even if I didn't use it, and for the whole team of people who were on my side and ready in case my heart gave out. What if that attention and care was given to those other kids, regardless of having a white nurse mother and a diagnosed heart condition? How many more that aren't here would be? How many more birthdays would be celebrated?


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A Reflection

When at the age of eighteen a pair of police officers drew their guns and pointed them at me, my first reaction was disbelief. I was standing in front of my condo with my partner, a friend, and my mother, working on a school project. The disbelief was not dispelled until I was pinned against a car being frisked. My initial surprise arouse from many sources but not least because we were not doing anything dangerous or illegal. Of course, years later, when I would have the police called on me yet again I wasn't doing anything dangerous or illegal either. In both cases I was being investigated by police because someone who saw me judged me to be a strange person who doesn't belong in their normative safe white community. In both cases I was with my family. Years later, it would be my children who had to watch as a police officer interrogated me to determine that I  was these children's other mother and not a pervert and child abductor as the onlooker had supposed. This time, however, it was my mother who had to watch in fear, praying that her daughter didn't get shot in front of her eyes. I recall having to tell both my mom and my children that everything would be okay, that we would talk and everything would be sorted. Of course, in reality, I had no such assurance. In the end, both sets of police soon realized that I was no threat and that they had been given bad and prejudiced information about me. Yet in the moment and afterwards, I am keenly aware of how many trans persons, youths, people with mental disabilities or illnesses, and people of color do not have such luck. I ask myself, had I been a trans person of color would the police officers have paused long enough to listen to our story? What if the prejudice of the passerby who saw me had ignited the same prejudice in the police officers, sparking the outcome which too often comes when the thought, "you shouldn't be here," takes the form of violent action?

Well before my tenth birthday I already knew about another factor of my life which I was told the prognosis of even without doctors or fancy buzzing machines: I am transgender. If open heart surgery at the tender age of thirty took the blood out of my skin, I can't imagine if I knew the statistics then about how many trans kids attempt suicide a decade before that by the age of twenty. The Youth Suicide Prevention Program says 50% of trans persons will attempt by the age of 20. The American Society for Suicide Prevention states 41%. Another widely reported figure states that if I was a trans woman of color, I may not worry so much about heart surgery at the age of thirty because my life expectancy is not that much later, with an average figure of 35 years of life. These are the numbers that further research compounds, not corrects such as in the case of my heart condition. This diagnosis, whether given by a doctor or by society, brings with it a prognosis that should make all of us sit up and pay attention. Turning thirty, these are the numbers and names that still haunt me. When I accepted who I am, affirmed that I would transition, I prepared myself for the type of life and violent death that I am more likely to face. I have been told, directly and indirectly, that as a trans woman I should not be here. But here I am. That presence would feel like a victory if not for how many trans persons (especially trans persons of color) who should be here, should have been told that they should be here, but are not. 

And this is not just a matter of luck and access to healthcare. Because the too often fatal prognosis for trans folks are not determined by fate but by people, by other human beings. As scholarship on necropolitics, precarity, and "slow death" is showing, suicide is not a matter simply of bad luck or a bad apple. Suicide is inextricably linked to systems of shaming, abandonment, isolation, marginalization, and expectations which bring on depression, anxiety, despair and death. These systems of education, care, and prejudice which divide those whose lives will be managed from those whose lives will be abandoned, are also the systems which divide cisgender from the trans, intersex, and non-binary, male from female, straight from queer, able-bodied from disabled, white from black (and all other persons of color), the Christian from the non-Christian, and the haves from those whose resources have been taken or exploited. Such systems have said to me time and again, you shouldn't be here, but here I am; not least because in other ways and times I fit the criteria of those to whom society says, you SHOULD be here. The negative and mixed messaging is enough to send too many just like me or those better, more promising, more normative than me, to their graves. But to those who hear the compounding voice made from the many intersecting utterances of "you should not be here," there are many who should be here that aren't and many who have less of a chance to be here whose persistence should be lauded all the more. I hear traces of their condemnation in the voices which condemn me and also in the voices (those white supremacist, able-bodied, educated Christian voices) which praise me in part, even if I fail to live up their demands. In being able to say, "here I am," I feel the loss (the socially engineered loss) of all those who aren't. In being able to say, "here I am," I feel the responsibility to remind everyone to consider that they are not and why they are not.


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A Wish

Over my years here in this world, I have seen many time and ways that people have been told "you shouldn't be here" and the many ways these wishes are made into reality. Recent events in the government, the United States as a whole, and even in Medieval Studies in particular, has stressed the persistence and power of dominant groups issuing the demand that marginalized peoples and persons no longer be allowed to be here. I have been told this. I see my friends told this. I see important colleagues told this. I see queer, trans, and crip graduate and undergraduate students told this. I see people of color told this. And I see the consequences. These words have power. These wishes are not silent thoughts or harmless opinions. These wishes are real and are having disastrous consequences. Yet it is not too late. The candles have not all been blown out. We might make other wishes, better wishes.

The cruelty but also the power of it is that these deaths and these messages, "you shouldn't be here," are not sentences from heaven or Nature but the judgements of humanity. This is not a matter of magic or super-natural wishes. Life is not a resource which must be hoarded for some and denied to others. Affirmation and welcome that you should be here is not something which runs out the more you say it. Indeed, the longer and more I become present here in this country and this world, the less I feel that "here" belongs to me. I am "here" but I do not possess it. There are many more who should be here, could be here, might be here if we didn't work so hard at belonging here and making here belong to us. Take for instance my role in the academy, the more I find myself, against odds, still here in the scholarly community, the greater I feel the pressing absence of all those who should be here but aren't or are here but are still told that they shouldn't be because of being outspoken, trans, queer, crip, feminine, old, young, poor, or a person of color. In an academy that is shrinking in funding and size, we need all hands on deck. In a culture grappling with transphobia, racism, sexism, ableism, xenophobia, and homophobia, we need more critical voices (especially among the oppressed) to turn the tide. In a nation which daily increases the volume and spectrum of the voices which say, "you shouldn't be here," we need more open and affirming voices, more voices of difference and dissent which respond, "but here I am," then add, "and so they should be too." It need not be survivors guilt or imposter syndrome to say, "I don't belong here," if we turn that statement into a demand on behalf of others who should be here.

On my birthday, when I say, "I shouldn't be here, but here I am," I do not wish to express self-pity. Rather, I am overwhelmed with gratitude for all who have literally said to me, word for word, the statement, "so long as I am here, you will be too." What is more, my birthday wish is that I may be able to say the same to the others who are here but pushed to the margins, those who are here but aren't certain they should be, those who are here but aren't sure for how long, those who are here but told they aren't welcome, as well as those who aren't here, won't be here, might be here, could be here, and should be here. My wish is that we say in greater frequency and clarity, responsibility and variety, "you should be here" and "so long as I am here, you will be too." This is not our gift to them because we do not belong here any more than they, "here" does not belong to us. Rather, if we make this wish, then we might receive the gift of their presence and that is something worth celebrating.


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Transgender and intersex persons are still constantly told 
by society and the law that they are not welcome here, 
in restrooms that correspond to their personal gender identity.

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Wednesday, November 9, 2016

How We Live: Words from a Suicidal Transgender Community


"Trans folks are doing their part to hold 
their community together and we've never been 
more proud of the work we are doing."

The Trans Lifeline
(877) 565-8860
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Once when I was being considered for a job, I was told the committee was hesitating because I wore "too much black." I told them that is why I was valuable. In a community care job where most people wore pastels, there are people (maybe even the pastel wearers) who need to see someone who looks like me. I need to see someone like me. I need to see someone like you. That's how those who already feel excluded feel like they have a chance. That's how we survive. That's how we live.

The transgender community continues to fall victim to suicide at an alarming rate. Studies show that 41% to 50% of transgender persons will attempt suicide. Those who leave notes cite an unlivable life in an antagonistic and oppressive world. Today, after the election of Donald Trump to President of the United States, the Trans Lifelife, a support system for the suicidal trans community, reports 288 calls within the first 24 hours. Transgender issues has been a target for most of the Republican candidates and the election of the new President leaves many trans persons fearful and despairing. If the community needed a final push to confirm the collective animosity toward them, this seals it for many. Others despair because they identify or ally themselves with other communities targeted by the Trump campaign. The saying "It Gets Better" aimed to support LGBTQ youth and encourage them not to take their lives seems hallow today for much of the community. It gets worse it seems. This is a hard reality that many knew all too well already. Yet here we are: queer crip trans women of color, members of the Jewish or Muslim faith, immigrants and refugees. We have lived and died before through hardships. We die and live now.

I don't have convincing words for those intent in dying. Life is too big and too hard, like death is too big and too hard. I can't tell someone who feels betrayed by their job, community, or country that it gets better. I don't know what better looks like for you and I can't promise that image of the world will ever materialize. I can't argue with you but I can keep on living. You can see that. And that is a real thing. If you can keep on living, we can see it together. And that will be a real thing. When I feel so overwhelmed by the world that I am disoriented by disbelief, my partner and I play a game from the book, the Hunger Games. We take turns listing things that are real. First and foremost, you and me, us, we are alive right now. That is real. The country may vote despite us or against us. In their game, we may lose. But by living, we win at a more important game. That is real.


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I've seen impossible and irrational things. I've seen the bad. And that is too real. It can seem so real one does not need to talk about or believe it. It can feel more big and more real than us. But in the face of that certitude of badness, the impossible happens: we live. People look at us and yell things at us. People pull weapons on us, they have on me. People make it clear we are not welcome or reject us for a job; however our value and qualifications. We make them uncomfortable and they make us feel afraid, ashamed, even suicidal. The image of world we are given is one that would rather not include us. That is a real thing. We may feel we should give that image of the world a favor by removing ourselves. But that is not the only world we can see. I've seen impossible and irrational things.


I've seen trans women not get the job either and have nowhere to call home. I've talked to those who have worked the streets and lived on the streets. Some people look at them with pity or condescension. But those women are living a life the world says shouldn't exist. I've read the words of trans men incarcerated in mental hospitals and forced to embody an unlivable life. They attempted suicide. They failed. And the confess they failed on purpose. Their mind, body, and heart chose death. But some impossible part of them kept them alive. Then there are those autistic, trans, queer, people of color shot down in the streets. Then there are those children who walk into oncoming traffic. Even those killed by their own hands seemed killed by the world and under the flag emblazoned with the image of their exclusion. Yet even then, they lived. That is a real thing.


The story of Dylan Scholinski is real. "Suicide is a selfish act," said one of the medical staff after Dylan Scholinski's suicide attempt, "Do you know that?" (The Last Time I Wore A Dress 73). They called him selfish but it they who isolated him. Scholinski grew up in the next town over from me in the same Polish community. He would have attended my high school if he hadn't been committed to a mental asylum for being transgender. In his memoir, he recounts being isolated from the public and then the small community in the hospital. Alone may be a better word than selfish. In her suicide note, Leelach Alcorn also recounts being isolated before her successful attempt. “I was completely alone for 5 months,” Alcorn writes, “No friends, no support, no love.” If isolation, exclusion, and loneliness is how we die, being present and real for one another is how we live.


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There are no words to promise you life or a better world. That is impossible. But I can show you impossible lives and worlds that exist all around us; in our jobs, our communities, and our country. By witnessing to the impossible we can hold on to the life it materializes and envisions. We can live it, become it, and it can be real. There are those who believe that the most valuable Life and those like it have been killed in the most merciless ways, yet they become images of resurrection and hope. There are those who believe that the most valuable persons have been rejected in the most hateful way, yet they become images of consolation and recommitment. There are those whose valuable bodies and minds and spirits turn against them in the most unlivable way, yet they become images of life and reality.

I do wear more colors today but I wear other things as well. I wear "I Will Go With You Buttons" to protest anti-transgender bathroom laws. I wear a tank top that reads, "This is What A Feminist Medievalist Looks Like." I wear black because too many, friends and family I know and you know, then too many we don't know, feel isolated, angry, and suicidal. We need to be able to mourn the lives that were and will not be. Others need to see that. We need to see that. Because that is real. But beyond the fabric thin messages, who I march and stand beside is what makes me visible in certain ways and a witness others. There are times that brings victories and there are times when it feels like it does little. Yet in these times, to live would be enough. To help one another live is more than enough - for now.

In an irrationally bad world, we can irrationally live. That is how we live. That is what you see, what I see, and what those we don't believe in us see. Today I don't work for that job but I serve a wider community. I get up in the morning and I see my children to school. I get on clothes and see my partner to an appointment. I go to class and I see the next generation of minds. They see me and I see them. I write this and you see me and I see you. That is real. That is how we live.



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Thursday, September 29, 2016

What Can We Do Now for the Transgender Community?


“Justice is what love looks like out in public. 

Laverne Cox
Quoting Cornel West
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Advice from Transliterature

Before we can even begin to talk about what needs to be done, let's go over a few things not to do. Don't kill, exclude, or belittle transgender persons. Start by not being an active and knowing part of the problem. Only then can we begin to stop being passive and ignorant parts of the problem. Next, don't get high and mighty or defensive by trying to deny that you aren't part of the problem. Whether or not we intend or approve, we participate every day in the normalizing and functioning of damaging anti-trans systems. It is in the water we drink and the food we eat. Also, before you engage with transgender persons or politics, check your privilege. This does not mean you have to make a lurid public confession. You don't need to tell us about your life, who you are and are not, or whether you are a bad person or not. The point is: it is not about you! It is not about me either. In all things take on the attitude of service. The things need to get done and we don't need to feel good or look good doing them. Justice isn't a feeling it is how the things should be and work but isn't and doesn't. What checking your privilege means is not ignoring differences but acting with loving awareness of them. Your life is not my life. You can't even begin to imagine correctly what my life is life. Likewise, I don't know you. Likewise, who we are "on the inside" does not usually change who we are "on the outside" to society. Society and the system treats us all different. It does. It does it so much and so well it doesn't even need to advertise it. Also, privilege is not all bad - it is a power and benefit others wish they had. So share it! Use it on the behalf of others. Work towards something that doesn't benefit you directly.

Finally: don't tell us to smile. Don't do that. Now onto what you can do...

1) Make Access for Trans Voices 
Ask the question, "where are the transgender people and why would they come here?" Where are there spaces where transgender people can go and feel at home? How would they know even if they existed?

A few target points:

  • Jobs: In current workspaces most trans people don't get hired.
  • Schools: In current classrooms most trans students don't come out.
  • Public spaces: If trans people can't use the rest room they are unlikely to go to share public space with you. If trans people fear they will be attacked, stared at, or spoken to in offensive ways they are less likely to join a group.
Things to do:
  • Hire them. Promote them. Work with them.
  • Become educated then educate. Take the initiative. You may have trans students and you (or them) may not know it yet. Teach them and others to honor them. 
  • Don't attack us. Stop others from assaulting us. Then display signs of support: change rest room signs, fly the transgender flag, wear buttons, speak out and be heard by your community.

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2) Make Safety for Trans Voices 
Create a space where transgender voices can be given voice and dignity.

A few target points:

  • Media: Do read about non-transgender people talking about transgender people or do you listen to transgender people speak about themselves? Do you only know one transgender person and story or the stories of trans people from diverse backgrounds and circumstances? Does your library or bookstore have transgender literature and history? Is that what you read or teach to others?
  • Business Management: Decisions that affect many are usually made by only a few. Are there transgender persons in the room making decisions that affect their day to day? Do your bosses know how to make the work place better for trans people and that they should want to make it better?
  • Family: Do you let established voices speak over, mock, or undermine transgender voices? Are they discussed at all and if so in what tone? Are people informed? Do they care? Are people held accountable for their words and corrected?
Things to do:
  • Research, read, share our stories.
  • Stand up to bosses and co-workers. Be the one to bring up the topic and don't let blank stares or derision stop you.
  • End bullying within the family. Offer alternative forms of family and home.

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3) Make Change for Trans Voices
Build on the needs of the voices and defend them. There are problems that are hard for any one person to fix but especially when they are in the vulnerable position.

A few target points:

  • Joblessness/Homelessness: Over 40% of homeless youth are LGBTQ and most of those are transgender. Trans people are not welcome in the family homes or can't find work and lose their home. The homeless shelter system is highly limited in its services, forcing persons to spend several nights a week on the streets. Furthermore, it is difficult once one is homeless to find sustainable employment because it requires: an address, a phone number, as well as for the candidate to be showered, focused, and with a clean printed resume in hand.
  • Police/Prisons: Police are not likely to stop someone for being transgender but that does not mean they don't find some other reason to stop them, hold them, and humiliate them. Often because of joblessness and homelessness transgender persons are having to resort to less than legal or borderline legal modes of survival. Once in jail many trans people can't afford fair legal services and can be imprisoned for transgressions they did not commit or else could have received a lighter sentence. In prison transgender persons can find themselves put in a system that does not reflect their gender, damaging them psychologically as well as making them a target for other inmates. Furthermore, basic transgender services and medications can be difficult or impossible to attain.
  • Suicide: For all these reasons and more, transgender persons face a hard life that seems to be an unlivable and insurmountable life. It is not necessarily that they hate themselves but they feel society (globally and locally) hates them more than enough. Transgender life can be hard on a good day and place but those good days and places can be few and far between.
Things to do:
  • Create shelters, low income housing, and jobs specifically for (or offering preference to) transgender persons. In a "gender-blind" system, we do not have the basic resources to compete. Also, there is no such thing as a "gender-neutral" system, that just means people don't talk openly and honestly about gender.
  • Vote to change laws and advocate at your local police station. Inform your community so transgender persons won't become targets for punishment as they are struggling to survive.
  • Because you can't tell who is transgender and who is suicidal just by looking at someone, so you need to proactive in getting the trans positive voice to be heard over all the anti-transgender rhetoric (including the rhetoric that claims to be gender neutral). You never know who will hear you. People want to hope it gets better but they need reasons to believe. Give them those reasons and once you do, make those reasons known.

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Ways to Donate and Volunteer

Want to do something quick and direct? Give money or volunteer at organizations that advocate and care for the transgender community. Here are just a few:

(a hotline for trans persons in crisis)

trans law help
(free assistance with changing legal documents)

ill go with you
(trans bathroom advocacy)

trans health


(a transgender summer camp)





(a fund for trans people of color)

(a fund for transgender medievalists)

(a fund for trans people in prison)


the happy hippie
(a fund for LGBTQ homeless youth)



(an organization for parents of the LGBTQI community)


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Achieving our goal of transgender equality requires activism at the local, state and national levels. While NCTE focuses on federal policies, we strongly support and encourage the vital work of grassroots activists. This list features ideas for action that you can take at a local level. Some will be challenging, some will be simple; all are effective ideas and we will include links, resources and thoughts to help you get started. Some are things you can do on your own, while others are ideas for local groups to work on. We hope that you will take on projects that spark your interest and that meet a need in your community as we work together for equality for all people. You can print out our free poster of 52 Things You Can Do for Transgender Equality and put it on your wall where other people can see it and get inspired to take action of their own. Or, click on an idea here to read more details and find resources on how to accomplish each of these things.

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Tuesday, April 12, 2016

Toxic Environments: the Place & Genre of Transgender Suicide Notes


"My death needs to mean something"

Leelah Alcorn
The Transgender Queen of Hell
Text: 12/28/14, Image 12/11/14
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Prelude: Voices of Light

Let’s take a breath. “Fiat lux et facta est lux” (Genesis I.ii-iii) In the beginning the spirit of God was over the waters. God said, Let there be light and there was light. Let’s speaking together for a moment on speaking. God spoke and light filled void. This is the power of the speech of God’s spirit, literally God's breath, the living form of speech. This is the story of the first day of Genesis from the Latin Vulgate. It tells of God’s Creation of all that is, ending on the sixth day, when God breathed the spirit of life into humans made of dust and ashes (Genesis II.vii). The same breath that hovered over the void and spoke the words of light, now resided in humanity.

This is the power of voice that Augustine of Hippo struggled for when in Book I of his Confessions he cries “sine me loqui” (Suffer me to speak... me, dust and ashes. Allow me to speak," Augustine I.vi). As a model of confession, Augustine exemplifies speaking not only to God but the community. This isn’t muteness but sin, what Jasbir Puar describes as "necropolitics," systems that mark which and how bodies lose breath and die (Puar, Terrorist Assemblages). God places breath, a voice of light, in the body so that silence is akin to death and the work of reclaiming that voice is akin to resurrecting a spirit from the grave. There is no true reconciliation then, until the isolated are brought back, empowered to speak and so give light to the environment, the encircling, that confined the life in the first place. This is the meaning of con-fession, the together-speaking. Towards that end, I intend to earn the right to do what I tell my students never to do, starting a paper with the sentiment, “since the beginning of time,” in order to establish transgender suicide note as existing in a current genre of trans literature connected to a long tradition and medieval genre of literature in the Church: confession. I intend to mark how the Church and its secular psychiatric counter parts form programs such as conversion therapy and places of silence, in order to contain the trans discourse.

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Posted by Leelah Alcorn 10/7/2014
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I. Introduction: Un-Confessing Trans Suicide

A year ago Pope Francis, another speaker and writer of Latin was attempting to reconcile with the transgender community by inviting a trans man to the Vatican for a private meeting. The meeting was said by the executive director of New Ways Ministry, “as genuine interest in learning about the transgender experience from a firsthand source” (National Catholic Reporter). The meeting ended with the man asking if despite the Church being a toxic environment for trans people if “there was "a place somewhere in the house of God for him” (NCR). Francis hugged him, but, a shrewd politician, he voiced no reply. The meeting was arranged to pre-empt the publication of a book in later 2015, This Economy Kills where Francis compares the trans population with atomic bombs (Liturgical Press). Francis fears trans people as what Puar calls “terrorist assemblages,” those with the atomic power to speak, “Fiat lux,” making an explosion of light that will transform how we understand the order of nature. Excerpts of the book were released in early 2015. Thus the meeting, question and silence. Francis wants reconciliation but fears confession, speaking words of life for trans people.

This is the circumstances of confession between Church and transgender in January 2015, only weeks after the silencing of another trans voice, Leelah Alcorns, when after writing a post entitled "Suicide Note" under her blog “The Transgender Queen of Hell,” as well as a hand written note that read, "I had enough," and after years of silencing in a toxic environment, she stepped into oncoming traffic and died (Salon). It was a silencing without reconciliation, the loss of the spirit, breath, and a return to “terram et cinerem” ("dust and ashes," Augustine I.vi). This is the desperation to speak and be heard, wherein the transgender person is made to feel lucky enough to speak at all, following Augustine’s, “sine me loqui,” ("suffer me to speak" 
Augustine I.vi). This is what happens when suicide is the only way to gain the public voice and power. Necropolitics is so deep, many trans people feel more able to serve biopolitics is as the forsaken spirit, the last breath, of the suicide.

In this paper I argue that the transgender suicide note exists as a distinct genre of trans literature (as well as digital literature and humanities) with characteristic tropes, structures, and social functions. A trans person does not spontaneously decide to get literary just before death. Rather the note is compelled to fulfill political demands that (1) a note must confess a mental illness, typically dysphoria but compounded by depression, (2) it must contextualize the death of the suicide as highly private and personal through a brief narrative of self that begins with diagnosis of transgender and ends in death. To map how the genre functions and is compelled by society, I will close read Leelah Alcorn's "Suicide Note" not because her life is particularly atypical of many trans persons who commit suicide but because she describes her not atypical life with atypical eloquence (Alcorn 12/18/2014).

In the process, I point to this eloquence to show how Alcorn's "Suicide Note" shows knowledge that her life, death, and note fall into a social script. This self-awareness allows readers to map the note is the last step of a long necropolitical process. The moment target voice trans identification, the system kicks into gear to (1) silence trans persons from speaking non-pathological transgender discourses, (2) isolate them from trans community, and (3) compel notes that recast the necropolitical process from the public elimination of undesirables into a personal tale of mental illness or bad luck in birthplace. I conclude that the genre of personal confession and place of isolation are not accidental to transgender suicide but socially engineered, and reframing notes as public confessions of necropolitics turns trans identity from personal pathology into collective community and isolation from an accident of place into a prison designed to silence the trans voice and smother the trans spirit. Through transgender literary study, the genre and place of the transgender suicide note explodes to reveal “facta est lux,” there is light even where we perceive silence, dust and ashes.

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Posted by Leelah Alcorn 12/22/2014
Captioned: "Transitioning. I Love How Literal This Is 
and How You Get a Sense of the Pain It Takes"
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II. Genre: Silencing Discourses

Let’s speak together of genres. The confessional nature of the trans suicide note is meant to compel an explanation for the death of its author to answer the lingering “why?” Usually, some form of psychological illness is given as always already terminal. Alcorn answers to the demand for self-diagnosis in her opening line, “The life I would've lived isn’t worth living in... because I’m transgender” (Alcorn 12/28/14). What at first seems like a personal spontaneous claiming of self unravels as a performative enactment of social conventions. “I never knew there was a word for that feeling,” explains Alcorn. “When I was 14, I learned what transgender meant,” presumably from her online community, “and cried of happiness. After 10 years of confusion I finally understood who I was” (Alcorn 12/28/14). Alcorn's filled her blog, Transgender Queen of Hell, with images and messages shared by other trans people. Alcorn was particularly fond of pictures adapted from anime, such as Sailor Moon or Pokemon, that often emphasized gender ambiguity or transition. Likewise, Alcorn shared with her trans bloggers messages of the hardships and depression. Just a week before her suicide, Alcorn posted to her blog, "every time i want to kill myself it’s always inconvenient to everyone around me. i want to fade away without ruining everyone else’s plans #personal" (Alcorn 2/22/14). The online trans community also shared messages of hope and affirmation with one another, including more than a few posts that communicated to Alcorn how beautiful and inspiring she is for her readers. On December 12th, 2014, Alcorn posted her appreciation to her readers, "oh my god people on here are just so nice to me I don’t deserve this you guys treat me like a princess and it makes me so happy whenever I feel like shit... i don’t have that many followers but the followers I do have treat me like a human being and you have no idea how much that means to me <3 #i'm crying #thank you" (Alcorn 2/12/14). This re-blogging formed networks of transgender discourse that affirmed the posters as part of a shared community. Drawn from online networks, Alcorn’s understanding is based on a social model, a collective identity that instills the political spirit, ‘hey you are like me, and we are all together in this.’ The online network and transgender literary archive formed from a kind of public confession, a together-speaking, that gave Alcorn the power of collective speech and life.

“I immediately told my mom,” writes Alcorn, “and she reacted extremely negatively, telling me that it was a phase, that I would never truly be a girl, that God doesn’t make mistakes, that I am wrong” 
(Alcorn 12/28/14). At the moment of speaking the trans discourse, Alcorn is marked as “wrong” by her mother, an agent of a Christianity that seeks to silence and contain dangerous trans spirits. Transgender moves from a social discourse, a way of connecting self and other, to be contained in the “wrong” individual as personal pathology and a phase which can be contain to specific “phases” of life. In the process, God moves from the giver of breath, voice, and light to the authority by which others contain, silence, and extinguish her spirit. In a post to her blog entitled, "All," dated November 30th, 2014, Alcorn wrote that she viewed God as "a meanie," heaven as "nonexistant," and hell as "my parent's house" (Alcorn 11/30/14). Contained within her parent's house and church, as well as their definitions of gender and God, Alcorn does not see the light of the heavens spoken into being on the first day of Genesis. Instead she only sees the walls of her all too personal, all too human hell. God is the mean truth that "doesn't make mistakes" which is held only to contrast and shame Alcorn as "wrong." In the binary of write and wrong, man and woman, Alcorn and God exists on opposite sides. Yet both discourses, divine and transgender, are contained by the hermeneutic of Alcorn's Church. God is made to speak (in specific biopolitical forms) and Alcorn is made silent (in specific necropolitical forms). This is one critical sense that confession becomes privatized as the means of speech between God and humanity, as well as humanity and humanity, it comes under the proprietary control of specific Church agents. As a private confession, Alcorn speaks but the authority assigns, contains, and hides the meaning Alcorn’s words – preparing her for conversion therapy and biopolitical correction or necropolitical elimination.

Conversion therapy helps to facilitate Alcorn’s shift from a collective identity into personal shame signaling the shift of genre from a pubic into private confession. This movement follows the shift from the public digital sphere into the privacy of church and the doctor’s office. “My mom started taking me to a therapist, but would only take me to christian therapists,” writes Alcorn on her first session of conversation therapy 
(Alcorn 12/28/14). Such conversion therapists are spurred on by psychiatrists such as Dr. Paul McHugh of Johns Hopkins University. As self described orthodox Catholic, McHugh continues to push that transgender identification is a medical disorder that needs therapy to correct despite the vocal opposition of The American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the American Psychiatric Society, the American Public Health Association, and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (The Trans Advocate). Among McHugh's other anti-LGBT opinions espoused by Christian therapists is that the sex abuse of children rampant in the Catholic Church is not due to pedophilia but is a natural extension of homosexuality (The Advocate). While Alcorn does not disclose what the doctor told her, we do learn that she felt, “I never actually got the therapy I needed to cure me of my depression. I only got more christians telling me that I was selfish and wrong and that I should look to God for help” (Alcorn 12/28/14). The doctor’s prescription that Alcorn is self reflects the work to isolate transgender from a collective identity into a personal condition, marking it as a form of narcissism, she is “selfish.” Alcorn is taught that this personal condition is “wrong” (the diagnosis), and to be made right she must submit herself to the doctor and then to God (the treatment plan). Her trans and depressive feelings her selfish, private problem. The solution was to redouble commitment to stay in the Church and submit to their tightly privatized discourse. Rather than speaking together with Alcorn, listening to her express her identified gender as well as her feelings of depression, the conversion therapy worked to contain and control her speech. 

By moving from the public to private, confession has turned from an act of empowerment to a mode by which she is depowered, her power becomes depressed. “When I was 16 I realized that my parents would never come around, and that I would have to wait until I was 18 to start any sort of transitioning treatment, which absolutely broke my heart,” writes Alcorn (Alcorn 12/28/14). The confession to parents and doctors that offer diagnostic access to the powers to transition were inverted and became a mode to limit Alcorn. Some people might suggest bunkering down, waiting, as she cites, until her emancipation, the age of eighteen, is only two years away. Yet what most people who advocate bunker mentalities don’t understand – but what a transgender person or medievalist (or a trans medievalist) knows well – is that siege wars are worst on those bunker down. The besieged become starved out by those well supplied power who surround them from all side and cut them off from lifelines. The flow of power is on the side of those who surround the city and grows as those contained by it become weaker. Being locked into a single environment, like being locked into a single discourse is dangerous to any ecology. Too quickly the ground waters can be poisoned, resources depleted, the air used up until the life held inside must surrender or die. 

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Posted by Leelah Alcorn 12/24/2014
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III. Place: Disabling Environments

Let’s speak together of place. Alcorn grew up in King’s Mills, Ohio, where she began identifying as "gay" at school in preparation for later gender transition. When her parents found out, they went into action to circumscribe her with the church, the Northeast Church of Christ in Cincinnati. “They took me out of public school, took away my laptop and phone, and forbid me of getting on any sort of social media, completely isolating me from my friends,” she writes (Alcorn 12/28/14). The place of Alcorn’s suicide is isolation. She is taken out of public school and kept in a private home, separating her from her local community. Moving from high school where friends see one another five times a week to solitary confinement in the house for several months was a shock to Alcorn's system. Nor was she able to explain to her friends what was happening because she had no one of contacting them. Yet the environ cuts also Alcorn off from her public online life. Alcorn no longer had the words of affirmation from the readers of her blog nor could she call to them for help.  The purpose of this separation from her transgender and ally community was to purify her eco-system of LGBT life. Likewise, this was an expression of her parent’s power disciplining her with the knowledge that they and not her controlled her voice and environment. “I was completely alone for 5 months,” Alcorn writes, “No friends, no support, no love” (Alcorn 12/28/14). The togetherness brought on by friends, support, and love of her confessional community was expunged from her as her environment because increasingly privatized, individualized, and isolated. In a war of attrition, the key to siege, Alcorn’s parents cut her off from the resources for life, suffocating her voice and spirit. 

In less than two years, less than five months even, Alcorn’s spirit shrank in the toxic environment of isolation, moving her steadily towards death. Her note traces the relation between the depression of power and necopolitical forces engineering her death. “This was probably the part of my life when I was the most depressed,” writes Alcorn, “and I’m surprised I didn’t kill myself” 
(Alcorn 12/28/14). The work of alienation is not a one time event but has lasting impacts. When Alcorn was allowed back into social media, the loss of contact made it harder to reconnect. “I felt even lonelier than I did before,” she writes (Alcorn 12/28/14). “The only friends I thought I had only liked me because they saw me five times a week.” This very socially conscious observation strikes at the stakes of transgender discourse and confession as living ecosytems. Without participation between many actors, confession can become just speaking into a void. Some voices and spirits are powerful enough to create lights that brings a community into being but most people require the power of co-creation in order to build and maintain such systems of life support. High school in particular is such a hard time for some many people, youth often depend on the larger established frameworks of classrooms, buses, lunches, after school activities. These systems can provide those lucky enough to take advantage of them the necessities of communal life while each person undergoes personal transformations and hardships during adolescence. Without being part of the framework of public education, Alcorn is removed from the living, breathing, and changing ecosystem of the school. In five months and without alternative forms of connection, the friendships she once had are not the same friendships that she had previously. In the lack of a social media, her suffering is turned from a collective struggle to a personal hell, fulfilling her digital handle, the Transgender Queen of Hell.

Alcorn’s personal hell is toxic. A toxin is distinct from other drugs and poisons because it is not necessarily harmful. A toxin is any substance, even air or water, that reaches a quantity at which it suppresses life. For Alcorn, the process of her environing was that she was cut off from her public queer and trans resources and flooded with anti-trans Christian necropolitics. By the end of the summer, Alcorn recounts she had “almost no friends,” either local or online, and in their place she only had  “church” where “everyone... is against everything I live for” 
(Alcorn 12/28/14). For Alcorn, the Church was a toxic environment. The presence of this particular anti-transgender brand of Christianity made her unable to grow and survive. The community was so full of its own gendered ways of life that it did not allow other forms of life to coexist. This community designed to be a heaven for certain straight cisgender Christians was in a sense designed to be an unlivable hell for transgender women like Alcorn. Indeed, for her parents and church, trans people like Alcorn are toxins that challenge their tolerance. Thus they wanted her substance in their community but wanted to contain it to ways and amounts they could control. Thus like a toxin in the ground water of a besieged city, the very eco system that kept Alcorn alive, her parents and church, also made life unlivable. This is how Alcorn's church environment existed at the cross-roads of a biopolitics that worked to contain her and a necropolitics that worked to suffocate her spirit.

The sum consequence of the depression of power and mind in a toxic environment is that Alcorn despaired of ever being able to escape the body and life of a boy. “I felt hopeless,” confesses Alcorn. In time, the body itself becomes an unlivable environment and the imprisoned feel that escape is impossible. “There’s no winning. There’s no way out,” concludes Alcorn 
(Alcorn 12/28/14). The Transgender Queen of Hell became increasingly convinced of the perpetual reality of her hell in contrast to the "nonexistant" heaven. Three days before her death, Alcorn posted an image to her blog of Elsa from Frozen dressed in red and dancing in her "world of isolation" but recast as Hell. Along with the image came the quote: "Parents: 'you are going to Hell'" (Alcorn 12/24/14). The Christian church her family built around Alcorn increasingly marked her as a target of its necropolitics, the desire for Alcorn to be a part of the great eternal pyre wherein all the things are obliterated of the world that this exclusive brand of Christianity deems as worthy to be selected for eternal life. The alternative to necropolitical destruction was to live a life bound up a kind of living Hell that Alcorn comes to identify with her body. “Either I live the rest of my life as a lonely man who wishes he were a woman or I live my life as a lonelier woman who hates herself.” While Alcorn once externalized Hell as existing in the constructed environment of her home and Church has become so personalized and privatized that Hell now seems to be written on her skin. She has breathed in the toxins so long that she feels as though her whole life spirit is now toxic.  She cannot escape hell when she is hell herself. Alone, this may be true. Under parents, a doctor, a church, and a god, she may not have the power to reclaim herself. Because of her isolate, toxic environment, she may not have the power to escape. “That’s why I feel like killing myself,” she concludes (Alcorn 12/28/14). “Sorry if that’s not a good enough reason for you, it’s good enough for me.” Two-thirds into the note, Alcorn no longer cares of the public’s opinion. In the end, she is left alone to decide how to escape a depresses spirit, an unlivable body, & a toxic environment: she choses escape by suicide. This is the final work of necropolitical environments and the privatizing of confession, by making the subject identify the toxic environment as within themselves the walls are no longer necessary because the subject will police herself, embody her hell in herself, and if it comes to it to kill herself. The necropolitical work of killing the unwanted life is done while the system keeps its hands clean. 

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Posted by Leelah Alcorn 12/24/2014
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IV. Conclusion: Re-confessing Trans Suicide

Let’s speak together of genre and place, the reclaiming space and spirit. As of the final third of the note, Alcorn seems to feel that she has sufficiently fulfilled the demands of the genre to give the cause and circumstances of her death, so there is a significant turn from the personal to the political and the private to the public. Aware of how her confessions have been cut off, she wants her story become a public confession prompting social change. “My death needs to mean something,” Alcorn writes (Alcorn 12/28/14). “My death needs to be counted in the number of transgender people who commit suicide this year.” For Alcorn, her life and death have meaning because they exist in the context of other trans lives and deaths. She is aware of the number of trans suicides and accompanying notes. She is all too aware she is not only writing in a genre but a growing archive of trans literature.

Alcorn does not simply want to make literature, she wants to change how we read. “Gender needs to be taught about in schools, the earlier the better,” she concludes, among which, trans literature and the trans suicide note 
(Alcorn 12/28/14). We need to treat trans literature as worthy of serious study; by excluding it, cisgender studies is causing serious trouble without it as trans voices continue to be erased. The atomic bomb of Alcorn’s trans speech went off, enacting significant political power on the United States at the same time that Leelah Alcorn’s personal life and death are systematically unconfessed. Leelah Alcorn was buried as Josh by her parents who insisted on using Alcorn's assigned name despite outcry from activists (ABC News). Alcorn’s parent’s deleted her "Suicie Note" post as well as the rest of her blog (Pink News). The physical suicide note which read "I had enough" was also destroyed by her parents (Salon). The blog was saved by digital archivists and activists who preserved Alcorn's on a downloadable zip drive (Archive.org). At first, it was an elimination of the "con-" of confession, our togetherness, of being a part of a wider public. But this comes with an elimination of the "–fess," the -fateri, the speech that gave Leelah power in death that she did not have in life. The war of attrition on trans culture, literature, and history is as real as the murders in the form of homicides and murders in the form of suicides. 

Alcorn is not content to merely exist as a piece of literature divorced from social implications, she demands that readers respond to what they read and act. “I want someone to look at that number and say “that’s fucked up” and fix it,” she insists 
(Alcorn 12/28/14). The numbers that Alcorn is likely referring to is the report that she blogged on November 20th, 2014, from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, stating that 41% of transgender persons will attempt suicide in their life and among transgender women 48% will attempt suicide (Alcorn 11/20/14). Beyond this one study, however, other studies report higher numbers at or above 50% attempting suicide by the age of 20. For transgender women of color, their total life expectancy is set at 35 years (The Advocate). At least half our population find themselves isolated by siege, unable to escape, and die. Too many trapped in toxic environments that work to eliminate trans lives one way or another. In such dire circumstances, Alcorn affirms that words need to turn into providing liberation and systematic change. “As for my will,” she writes, “I want 100% of the things that I legally own to be sold and the money... to be given to trans civil rights movements and support groups” (Alcorn 12/28/14). Alcorn’s death allows for what resources she retains to be directed to providing resources to pull other trans persons from their toxic disabling environs. Since her death, a petition called "Leelah's Law" has gone up to ban conversion therapy in across the United States endorsed by over 300,000 signatories including President Obama (Change.com). In the wake of Alcorn's note and collective political pressure, a law was passed in Cincinnati, Ohio, where Alcorn went to Church, banning the practice of conversion therapy (Pink News). 

These are the stakes of telling trans stories, speaking words of life for the trans community, however dangerous they may be. We will speak the words, “Fiat lux,” and create our own light at the end of the tunnel. A light like the first glimpse of liberation. Until we storm the bulwarks of isolation and silence, in bathrooms, in Mississippi, in North Carolina. Nor will we leave the church a safe haven for the systematic isolation. We will not give up the war. Until we rise in power, we will not rest in peace. We will speak the words of Alcorn that Pope Francis fears and will not be silenced by mere hugs. We may learn to love the bomb’s we are because we know from it comes untapped nuclear power, a sentiment expressed by My Chemical Romance’s True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys (2010), which could as well be called the True Deaths of the Trans Suicides, “Everybody wants to change the world, everybody wants to change the world; but no one, no one wants to die. Wanna try? I'll be your detonator” (My Chemical Romance, "Na Na Na").

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This talk was delivered by Gabrielle M.W. Bychowski
as part of the Toxic Ecologies Panel
as part of the Composing Disability: Crip Ecologies Conference 
at the George Washington University on April 8th, 2016.

#TransLivesMatter

The Transgender Suicide Hotline
877.565.8860
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